Venetian red

Pigment

Venetian red

Color coordinates
Hex triplet	#C80815
sRGB^B (r, g, b)	(200, 8, 21)
HSV (h, s, v)	(356°, 96%, 78%)
CIELCh_uv (L, C, h)	(42, 136, 12°)
Source	ColorHexa^[1]
ISCC–NBS descriptor	Vivid red
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Venetian red is a light and warm (somewhat unsaturated) pigment that is a darker shade of red. The composition of Venetian red changed over time. Originally it consisted of natural ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃, partially hydrated) obtained from the red hematite. Modern versions are frequently made with synthetic red iron oxide produced via calcination of green vitriol (a.k.a. copperas)^[2] mixed with white chalk. The pigment contains up to 50% of the ferric oxide.^[3]

Historically, Venetian red was a red earth color often used in Italian Renaissance paintings. It was also called sinopia because the best-quality pigment came from the port of Sinop in northern Turkey. It was the major ingredient in the pigment called cinabrese, described by the 15th-century Italian painter and writer Cennino Cennini in his handbook on painting, Il libro dell'arte. Cennini recommended mixing Venetian red with lime white, in proportions of two to one, to paint the skin tones of faces, hands and nudes.^[4]

During the English Civil War (1642–1651), Venetian red was adopted as the primary uniform colour of the New Model Army, to ease mutual identification on the battlefield. In addition, Venetian red was cheaper than other dyes at the time. Following the war, this practice was continued by the British Army, giving its soldiers the nickname "Redcoats", during the 18th and 19th centuries. Venetian red was replaced as the main colour of British Army battledress by khaki, during the 1890s.^[5]

The first recorded use of Venetian red as a color name in English was in 1753.^[6] There are many other names for the iron oxide red pigments of different shades, with Spanish red being very similar.^[2]

References

^ "Venetian red / #c80815 hex color". ColorHexa. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
^ ^a ^b Eastaugh 2008.
^ Gettens & Stout 1966.
^ Lara Broecke, Cennino Cennini's Il Libro dell'Arte, a New English Translation and Commentary with Italian Transcription, Archetype 2015, p. 62.
^ "Venetian Red—Loved by Painters, Hated by American Colonists — Workshops In France". Retrieved 2021-10-28.
^ Maerz and Paul, A Dictionary of Color, New York: McGraw-Hill 1930, page 201; Color sample of Venetian red: page 35 Plate 6 color sample I12

Sources

Eastaugh, Nicholas (2008). "Venetian red". Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary and Optical Microscopy of Historical Pigments. Routledge. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-7506-8980-9.
Gettens, R. J.; Stout, G. L. (1966). "Venetian Red". Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopedia. Courier Corporation. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-486-14242-5. OCLC 868969354.

Shades of red

Amaranth purple	Barn red	Bittersweet	Bittersweet shimmer	Blood red	Bright pink (Crayola)	Burgundy	Candy apple red	Cantaloupe melon	Cardinal

Carmine	Cerise	Chili red	Chocolate cosmos	Cinnabar	Claret	Coquelicot	Coral pink	Cordovan	Cornell red

Crimson	Dark red	Falu red	Fire brick	Fire engine red	Folly	Garnet	Imperial red	Indian red	Jasper

Light coral	Light red	Madder	Mahogany	Maroon	Misty rose	Off-red (RGB)	Old rose	OU crimson	Penn red

Persian red	Pink	Poppy	Red	Red-brown	Red (CMYK) (pigment red)	Red (Crayola)	Red (Munsell)	Red (NCS)	Red (Pantone)

Redwood	Rojo	Rose	Rose ebony	Rose red	Rose taupe	Rose vale	Rosewood	Rosy brown	Rust

Rusty red	Salmon	Salmon pink	Scarlet	Syracuse red-orange	Tea rose (red)	Tomato	Turkey red	Vermilion	Wine