Tbilisi Theological Seminary
Tbilisi Theological Academy and Seminary (Georgian: თბილისის სასულიერო სემინარია, romanized: tbilisis sasuliero seminaria; Russian: Тбили́сская духо́вная семина́рия, romanized: Tbilisskaya dukhovnaya seminariya) is a seminary in Tbilisi, Georgia. It operated from 1817 to 1919 under the name Tiflis Theological Seminary in the Georgian exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church. The facility closed during the wake of the Russian Revolution and the subsequent 1921 invasion of Georgia. The building housing the seminary closed in 1917, and one of the major buildings the seminary used was eventually repurposed in 1950 to become the Art Museum of Georgia.
After Georgian independence in 1991 and the concurrent fall of communism and its discouragement of religion, there was interest in creating a successor. The institution reopened on new premises in 1993 as a higher educational institution of the Georgian Orthodox Church.[1]
The institution's most famous attendee was Joseph Besarionis dze Jughashvili, better known by his Russianized name of Joseph Stalin. Stalin received a scholarship and attended when he was age fourteen in 1894. The language of instruction was Russian, and use of the Georgian language was discouraged by the Russian priests who taught there. Stalin was a voracious reader in both languages. He became a cultural nationalist for Georgia. He participated in student politics and anonymously published poetry in Georgian in the local newspaper. Although his academic performance was good, he was expelled in 1899 after missing his final exams. While at the seminary, Stalin met a circle of friends who would go on to be influential in later Marxist politics, including joining the Mesame Dasi party.[2] Another notable graduate was the poet Galaktion Tabidze.
History
Tiflis Theological Seminary opened in 1817. In 1838, the Swiss architects brothers Giovanni and Giuseppe Bernardazzi built a new building for the seminary opposite Paskevich-Erivansky Square (modern Freedom Square, Tbilisi). In 1872, as part of a Pan-Slavism initiative under the leadership of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich, a ban was introduced on the use of the Georgian language for teaching in seminaries, as the seminary was seen as a hotbed of Georgian nationalism.[3] All instruction was to take place in Russian instead. In 1903, construction began on a new complex of buildings in the Vake neighborhood of Tiflis, headed by architect Alexander Rogoisky. The seminary moved in 1912, and the old building became a hotel. It did not last long, though; in the chaos of the Russian Revolution, the buildings were requisitioned in 1917. The seminary may have operated on a temporary basis for a time, but it too eventually closed in the following years. One of old buildings in the complex used by the seminary was repurposed to house the Art Museum of Georgia in 1950, the location it still occupies.
The two main courses of instruction were Orthodox theology and rhetoric. Various related topics were also taught, including Church Slavonic, history, mathematics, literature, French, and German.[4]
See also
- Nersisian School, another Orthodox school of education in Tiflis, but centered on the Armenian community
References
- ^ "The Mission of the Academy".
- ^ Kotkin 2014, pp. 31–36
- ^ Minorsky, V., and C.E. Bosworth. "al-Kurd̲j̲". P. Bearman (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English). Brill, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0545
- ^ "Нугзар ЦХОВРЕБОВ. Синие кони" (in Russian).
Bibliography
- Jones, Stephen F. (2005), Socialism in Georgian Colors: The European Road to Social Democracy 1883–1917, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-67-401902-7
- Kotkin, Stephen (2014), Stalin, Volume I: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928, New York City: Penguin Press, ISBN 978-1-59420-379-4
External links
- Official website (Georgian), official website (Russian), official website (English)
- v
- t
- e
and politics
Overviews | |
---|---|
Chronology |
|
- Stalinism
- Neo-Stalinism
- Korenizatsiya
- Socialism in One Country
- Great Break
- Socialist realism
- Stalinist architecture
- Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
- Five-year plans
- Great Construction Projects of Communism
- Engineers of the human soul
- 1936 Soviet Constitution
- New Soviet man
- Stakhanovite
- Transformation of nature
- Backwardness brings on beatings by others
and controversies
- 1906 Bolshevik raid on the Tsarevich Giorgi
- 1907 Tiflis bank robbery
- National delimitation in the Soviet Union
- Georgian Affair
- Decossackization
- Dekulakization
- Wittorf affair
- Great Break
- Demolition of Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
- Soviet famine of 1932–33
- Gulag
- Murder of Sergey Kirov
- Great Purge
- Ideological repression in science
- Suppressed research
- Lysenkoism
- Japhetic theory, Slavists case
- 1937 Soviet Census
- 1941 Red Army purge
- Soviet offensive plans controversy
- Hitler Youth Conspiracy
- Soviet war crimes
- Allegations of antisemitism
- Population transfer (German–Soviet)
- Deportations
- Tax on trees
- 1946–1947 Soviet famine
- Leningrad Affair
- Mingrelian Affair
- Rootless cosmopolitan
- Night of the Murdered Poets
- Doctors' plot
- Censorship of images
- "Anarchism or Socialism?"
- "Marxism and the National Question"
- "Foundations of Leninism"
- "Dizzy with Success"
- "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia"
- "Ten Blows" speech
- Alleged 19 August 1939 speech
- Falsifiers of History
- Stalin Note
- The History of the Communist Party
- 1936 Soviet Constitution
- Stalin's poetry
- Dialectical and Historical Materialism
- Order No. 227
- Order No. 270
- "Marxism and Problems of Linguistics"
- Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
opposition
- Iosif Stalin tank
- Iosif Stalin locomotive
- Generalissimus of the Soviet Union
- Stalin statues
- Pantheon, Moscow
- 1956 Georgian demonstrations
- List of awards and honours bestowed upon Joseph Stalin
- Statue of Joseph Stalin, Berlin
- Stalin Monument in Budapest
- Stalin Monument in Prague
- Joseph Stalin Museum, Gori
- Batumi Stalin Museum
- Places named after Stalin
- State Stalin Prize
- Stalin Peace Prize
- Stalin Society
- Stalin Bloc – For the USSR
- Apocalypse: Stalin
- Besarion Jughashvili (father)
- Keke Geladze (mother)
- Kato Svanidze (first wife)
- Yakov Dzhugashvili (son)
- Konstantin Kuzakov (son)
- Artyom Sergeyev (adopted son)
- Nadezhda Alliluyeva (second wife)
- Vasily Stalin (son)
- Svetlana Alliluyeva (daughter)
- Yevgeny Dzhugashvili (grandson)
- Galina Dzhugashvili (granddaughter)
- Joseph Alliluyev (grandson)
- Sergei Alliluyev (second father-in-law)
- Alexander Svanidze (brother-in-law)
- Yuri Zhdanov (son-in-law)
- William Wesley Peters (son-in-law)
- Stalin's house, Gori
- Tiflis Seminary
- Kureika
- Room at Kremlin
- Dachas
- Kuntsevo
- Sochi
- Uspenskoye
- Semyonovskoye
- New Athos
- Kholodnaya Rechka
- Lake Ritsa
- Sukhumi
- Stalin's bunker
- Category
41°41′28″N 44°48′24″E / 41.6911°N 44.8068°E / 41.6911; 44.8068