French engineer, inventor and writer
Pierre-Marie Touboulic (17 June 1783, Brest, France - 8 June 1859 Paris) was a naval engineer, inventor and writer.
Biography
Pierre-Marie Touboulic was born in Brest on 17 June 1783. He was the fifth of six children of master locksmith Jean-Louis Touboulic and Marie Félicité Abalain. His first wife was Hortense Auvray, married on 17 June 1818 in Brest, with whom he had a daughter Hortense Félicité Claudine , born 26 April 1819. He married a second time to Jeanne Augustine Le Donné on 16 May 1825, and a third time to Marie Guillemette Querné on 13 January 1836, both also in Brest.[1]
He was the brother of Toussaint Touboulic, knight of the Order of Saint Louis, and captain of a frigate.[2] The son of one of his cousins, Perrine Jeanne Adélaïde Touboulic, born 11 July 1780 in Lorient, was Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds, born 23 November 1799.
He was made an Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1825, and died in Paris on 8 June 1859 at 6 rue de Castiglione in the 1st arrondissement.
Career
Touboulic spent his entire working life in Brest. Appointed marine engineer in 1818, he was head of the compass workshop from 1825 to 1836, and later mechanical engineer.
He built models of the ports of Brest, Lorient and Toulon, and a relief map of Rochefort,[3] and invented tools used by various sectors of the navy including a variation compass in 1856 (patent of invention code 26642 at the INPI), a diving bell (departmental archives of Finistère, code 4 T 5), an aerial transport system that he called a velocipost in 1808 (patent number 1BA6239 at the INPI), the ancestor of the first urban cable car, before the railways, in 1838, which was first tested from 3 to 12 October 1838 in the Bois de Bordenave in Brest. The experiment was continued in 1839 for at least three months on the ramparts of Fort Bouguen with the participation of about 800 people. The press of the time (Armoricain) suggested possible uses for transport of convicts, the sick, etc. The Brest cable car was called the Touboulic Express by the city of Brest in 2014.
Touboulic took out a patent on a rebreather, based on the absorption of carbon dioxide on 17 June 1808. It had a tank containing oxygen which was released by the diver, and circulated in a closed circuit through a sponge soaked in lime water. Touboulic called his invention Ichtioandre (Greek for “fish-man”).[4][5]
In 1834, he experimented with submarines on the Loire.[6]
References
- ^ Le Mell (1 November 2013). "Descendance de Pierre Marie Touboulic [Descent of Pierre Marie Touboulic]". p.m.touboulic.over-blog.com (in French). Retrieved 21 August 2020.
- ^ Le Mell (4 July 2013). "Un hommage à Toussaint Touboulic frère de Pierre-Marie [A tribute to Toussaint Touboulic brother of Pierre-Marie]". p.m.touboulic.over-blog.com (in French). Retrieved 21 August 2020.
- ^ "Le plan-relief de Rochefort [The relief plan of Rochefort]". www.alienor.org (in French). Retrieved 14 October 2012.
- ^ Bahuet, Eric. "L'Ichtioandre". www.plongeesout.com (in French). FFESSM.
- ^ Bahuet, Eric (19 October 2003). "Avec ou sans bulle? [With or without bubbles?]". www.plongeesout.com (in French). FFESSM.
- ^ "D'hier 26 juillet" (jpg). Journal de Rouen (208). Rouen: 2, col. 4. 27 July 1834. ISSN 2430-8242. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
Bibliography
- Touboulicp, P. (1817). Scolegigraphie, ou Méthode prompte, perfectionnée et économique pour l'enseignement simultané de la lecture et de l'écriture... [Scolegigraphie, or Prompt, perfected and economical method for the simultaneous teaching of reading and writing...(Notice on some inventions of M. Touboulic.) (in French). Michel. p. 26.
- Locquin, F. (1839). Véloposte, ou Chemin Touboulic (in French). p. 15.
Underwater diving
- Diving activities
- Diving modes
|
|
---|
Basic equipment | |
---|
Breathing gas | |
---|
Buoyancy and trim equipment | |
---|
Decompression equipment | |
---|
Diving suit | |
---|
Helmets and masks | |
---|
Instrumentation | |
---|
Mobility equipment | |
---|
Safety equipment | |
---|
Underwater breathing apparatus | |
---|
Diving equipment manufacturers | |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Access equipment | |
---|
Breathing gas handling | |
---|
Decompression equipment | |
---|
Platforms | |
---|
Remotely operated underwater vehicles | |
---|
Safety equipment | |
---|
General | |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Activities | |
---|
Competitions | |
---|
Equipment | |
---|
Freedivers | |
---|
Hazards | |
---|
Historical | |
---|
Organisations | |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Occupations | |
---|
Underwater work | Salvage diving | - SS Egypt
- Kronan
- La Belle
- SS Laurentic
- RMS Lusitania
- Mars
- Mary Rose
- USS Monitor
- HMS Royal George
- Vasa
|
---|
|
---|
Diving contractors | |
---|
Tools and equipment | |
---|
Underwater weapons | |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Specialties | |
---|
Diver organisations | |
---|
Diving tourism industry | |
---|
Diving events and festivals | |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Diving hazards | |
---|
Diving procedures | |
---|
Risk management | |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Diving disorders | Pressure related | Oxygen | |
---|
Inert gases | |
---|
Carbon dioxide | |
---|
Breathing gas contaminants | |
---|
|
---|
Immersion related | |
---|
|
---|
Treatment | |
---|
Personnel | |
---|
Screening | |
---|
Research | Researchers in diving physiology and medicine | |
---|
Diving medical research organisations | |
---|
|
---|
|
|
|
|
---|
Archeological sites | |
---|
Underwater art and artists | |
---|
Engineers and inventors | |
---|
Historical equipment | |
---|
Military and covert operations | - Raid on Alexandria (1941)
- Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior
|
---|
Scientific projects | |
---|
Awards and events | |
---|
Incidents | Dive boat incidents | |
---|
Diver rescues | |
---|
Early diving | |
---|
Freediving fatalities | |
---|
Offshore diving incidents | - Byford Dolphin diving bell accident
- Drill Master diving accident
- Star Canopus diving accident
- Stena Seaspread diving accident
- Venture One diving accident
- Waage Drill II diving accident
- Wildrake diving accident
|
---|
Professional diving fatalities | |
---|
Scuba diving fatalities | |
---|
|
---|
|
|
Publications |
---|
Manuals | - NOAA Diving Manual
- U.S. Navy Diving Manual
- Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival
- Underwater Handbook
- Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving
- Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving
- The new science of skin and scuba diving
- Professional Diver's Handbook
- Basic Scuba
|
---|
Standards and Codes of Practice | |
---|
General non-fiction | |
---|
Research | |
---|
Dive guides | |
---|
|
|
Training and registration |
---|
Diver training | |
---|
Recreational scuba certification levels | Core diving skills | |
---|
Leadership skills | |
---|
Specialist skills | |
---|
|
---|
Diver training certification and registration organisations | Commercial diver certification authorities | |
---|
Commercial diving schools | |
---|
Free-diving certification agencies | |
---|
Recreational scuba certification agencies | |
---|
Scientific diver certification authorities | |
---|
Technical diver certification agencies | |
---|
|
---|
Military diver training centres | |
---|
Military diver training courses | |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Surface snorkeling | |
---|
Snorkeling/breath-hold | |
---|
Breath-hold | |
---|
Open Circuit Scuba | |
---|
Rebreather | |
---|
Sports governing organisations and federations | |
---|
Competitions | |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Pioneers of diving | |
---|
Underwater scientists archaeologists and environmentalists | |
---|
Scuba record holders | |
---|
Underwater filmmakers and presenters | |
---|
Underwater photographers | |
---|
Underwater explorers | |
---|
Aquanauts | |
---|
Writers and journalists | |
---|
Rescuers | |
---|
Frogmen | |
---|
Commercial salvors | |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Diving physics | |
---|
Diving physiology | |
---|
Diving environment | |
---|
|
|
Other |
---|
Deep-submergence vehicle | - Aluminaut
- DSV Alvin
- American submarine NR-1
- Bathyscaphe
- Archimède
- FNRS-2
- FNRS-3
- Harmony class bathyscaphe
- Sea Pole-class bathyscaphe
- Trieste II
- Deepsea Challenger
- Ictineu 3
- JAGO
- Jiaolong
- Konsul-class submersible
- Limiting Factor
- Russian submarine Losharik
- Mir
- Nautile
- Pisces-class deep submergence vehicle
- DSV Sea Cliff
- DSV Shinkai
- DSV Shinkai 2000
- DSV Shinkai 6500
- DSV Turtle
- DSV-5 Nemo
|
---|
Submarine rescue | Deep-submergence rescue vehicle | |
---|
|
---|
Submarine escape | |
---|
Special interest groups | |
---|
Neutral buoyancy facilities for Astronaut training | |
---|
Other | |
---|
|
|
|