Fagundes Varela

Brazilian poet
Fagundes Varela
Fagundes Varela.
Fagundes Varela.
BornLuís Nicolau Fagundes Varela
(1841-08-17)17 August 1841
Rio Claro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Died18 February 1875(1875-02-18) (aged 33)
Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
OccupationPoet
Literary movementRomanticism
Notable worksNoturnas, Vozes da América
SpouseAlice Guilhermina Luande,
Maria Belisária de Brito Lambert
ChildrenEmiliano Varela

Luís Nicolau Fagundes Varela (August 17, 1841 – February 18, 1875) was a Brazilian Romantic poet, adept of the "Ultra-Romanticism" movement. He is patron of the 11th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.

Biography

A portrait of Fagundes Varela, by Pedro Américo

Luís Nicolau Fagundes Varela was born in Rio Claro in 1841, to Emiliano Fagundes Varela and Emília de Andrade. He spent most of his childhood at the farm where he was born, later moving to innumerous places, among them the city of Catalão, Goiás, where he met Bernardo Guimarães. Returning to Rio de Janeiro, he lived in Angra dos Reis and Petrópolis, where he concluded his primary and secondary studies. In 1859, he went to São Paulo and, in 1862, he enrolled at the Largo de São Francisco Law School, but abandoned it to dedicate himself to the literature and to the bohemianism. He published his first poetry book, Noturnas, one year before.

He married a circus artist from Sorocaba, Alice Guilhermina Luande. This provoked a scandal in his family and made his financial condition worse. With her he had a son, Emiliano, who died at 3 months old; extremely depressed, Fagundes wrote in the memory of his dead son his most well-known poem, "Cântico do Calvário" (that can be found on the book Cantos e Fantasias). His wife died in 1865 or 1866, while Varela was travelling to Recife. Returning to São Paulo, he enrolled once more in the Largo de São Francisco Law School in 1867, but later abandoned it once more. He then returned to his house in Rio Claro, living there until 1870. He married once again, with his cousin Maria Belisária de Brito Lambert, having two daughters and one son.

Having moved to Niterói with his father in 1870, he lived there until his death on 8 February 1875.

Some of Varela's poems have an unusual theme for the Ultra-Romanticism: abolitionism. Because of that, he is considered to be one of the forerunners of the "Condorism", alongside Junqueira Freire, another Ultra-Romantic poet who spoke of abolitionism in some of his poems.

Works

  • Noturnas (1861)
  • Vozes da América (1864)
  • Cantos e Fantasias (1865)
  • Cantos Meridionais (1869)
  • Cantos do Ermo e da Cidade (1869)
  • Anchieta, ou O Evangelho na Selva (1875 — posthumous)
  • Cantos Religiosos (1878 — poems compiled by Varela's friend Otaviano Hudson, with the objective of consolating Varela's wife and children)
  • O Diário de Lázaro e Outras Poesias (1880 — posthumous)

External links

Portuguese Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Fagundes Varela (original works in Portuguese)
  • Works by or about Fagundes Varela at Internet Archive
  • Fagundes Varela's biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (in Portuguese)
  • Works by Fagundes Varela at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Preceded by
New creation

Brazilian Academy of Letters - Patron of the 11th chair
Succeeded by
Lúcio de Mendonça (founder)
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Patrons and members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
Chairs
1 to 10

1 (Adelino Fontoura): Luís Murat Afonso d'Escragnolle Taunay Ivan Monteiro de Barros Lins Bernardo Élis ► Evandro Lins e Silva Ana Maria Machado
2 (Álvares de Azevedo): Coelho Neto João Neves da Fontoura ► João Guimarães Rosa Mário Palmério Tarcísio Padilha Eduardo Giannetti da Fonseca
3 (Artur de Oliveira): Filinto de Almeida Roberto Simonsen Aníbal Freire da Fonseca ► Herberto Sales Carlos Heitor Cony Joaquim Falcão
4 (Basílio da Gama): Aluísio Azevedo Alcides Maia ► Viana Moog Carlos Nejar
5 (Bernardo Guimarães): Raimundo Correia Oswaldo Cruz Aloísio de Castro ► Cândido Mota Filho ► Rachel de Queiroz José Murilo de Carvalho Ailton Krenak
6 (Casimiro de Abreu): Teixeira de Melo ► Artur Jaceguai Goulart de Andrade ► Barbosa Lima Sobrinho Raimundo Faoro Cícero Sandroni
7 (Castro Alves): Valentim Magalhães Euclides da Cunha Afrânio Peixoto Afonso Pena Júnior ► Hermes Lima Pontes de Miranda Diná Silveira de Queirós Sérgio Correia da Costa ► Nelson Pereira dos Santos Cacá Diegues
8 (Cláudio Manuel da Costa): Alberto de Oliveira Oliveira Viana Austregésilo de Athayde Antônio Calado Antônio Olinto Cleonice Berardinelli Ricardo Cavaliere
9 (Gonçalves de Magalhães): Carlos Magalhães de Azeredo Marques Rebelo Carlos Chagas Filho Alberto da Costa e Silva Vacant
10 (Evaristo da Veiga): Rui Barbosa Laudelino Freire ► Osvaldo Orico ► Orígenes Lessa Lêdo Ivo Rosiska Darcy de Oliveira

Chairs
11 to 20

11 (Fagundes Varela): Lúcio de Mendonça ► Pedro Augusto Carneiro Lessa ► Eduardo Ramos ► João Luís Alves ► Adelmar Tavares Deolindo Couto ► Darcy Ribeiro Celso Furtado Hélio Jaguaribe Ignácio de Loyola Brandão
12 (França Júnior): Urbano Duarte de Oliveira ► Antônio Augusto de Lima ► Vítor Viana José Carlos de Macedo Soares ► Abgar Renault Lucas Moreira Neves Alfredo Bosi Paulo Niemeyer Filho
13 (Francisco Otaviano): Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay Francisco de Castro ► Martins Júnior ► Sousa Bandeira ► Hélio Lobo ► Augusto Meyer Francisco de Assis Barbosa Sérgio Paulo Rouanet Ruy Castro
14 (Franklin Távora): Clóvis Beviláqua Antônio Carneiro Leão ► Fernando de Azevedo ► Miguel Reale Celso Lafer
15 (Gonçalves Dias): Olavo Bilac Amadeu Amaral Guilherme de Almeida Odilo Costa Filho ► Marcos Barbosa ► Fernando Bastos de Ávila Marco Lucchesi
16 (Gregório de Matos): Araripe Júnior Félix Pacheco ► Pedro Calmon ► Lygia Fagundes Telles Jorge Caldeira
17 (Hipólito da Costa): Sílvio Romero Osório Duque-Estrada Edgar Roquette-Pinto Álvaro Lins Antônio Houaiss Affonso Arinos de Mello Franco Fernanda Montenegro
18 (João Francisco Lisboa): José Veríssimo Barão Homem de Melo ► Alberto Faria ► Luís Carlos ► Pereira da Silva ► Peregrino Júnior ► Arnaldo Niskier
19 (Joaquim Caetano): Alcindo Guanabara Silvério Gomes Pimenta ► Gustavo Barroso Silva Melo Américo Jacobina Lacombe ► Marcos Almir Madeira ► Antônio Carlos Secchin
20 (Joaquim Manuel de Macedo): Salvador de Mendonça Emílio de Meneses ► Humberto de Campos ► Múcio Leão Aurélio de Lira Tavares Murilo Melo Filho Gilberto Gil

Chairs
21 to 30

21 (Joaquim Serra): José do Patrocínio Mário de Alencar Olegário Mariano Álvaro Moreira ► Adonias Filho Dias Gomes Roberto Campos Paulo Coelho
22 (José Bonifácio the Younger): Medeiros e Albuquerque Miguel Osório de Almeida Luís Viana Filho Ivo Pitanguy João Almino
23 (José de Alencar): Machado de Assis Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira Alfredo Pujol ► Otávio Mangabeira Jorge Amado Zélia Gattai Luiz Paulo Horta Antônio Torres
24 (Júlio Ribeiro): Garcia Redondo ► Luís Guimarães Filho ► Manuel Bandeira Cyro dos Anjos Sábato Magaldi Geraldo Carneiro
25 (Junqueira Freire): Franklin Dória ► Artur Orlando da Silva ► Ataulfo de Paiva ► José Lins do Rego Afonso Arinos de Melo Franco Alberto Venancio Filho
26 (Laurindo Rabelo): Guimarães Passos ► João do Rio Constâncio Alves ► Ribeiro Couto ► Gilberto Amado ► Mauro Mota ► Marcos Vilaça
27 (Antônio Peregrino Maciel Monteiro): Joaquim Nabuco Dantas Barreto Gregório da Fonseca ► Levi Carneiro Otávio de Faria Eduardo Portella Antonio Cícero
28 (Manuel Antônio de Almeida): Inglês de Sousa Xavier Marques Menotti Del Picchia Oscar Dias Correia ► Domício Proença Filho
29 (Martins Pena): Artur Azevedo Vicente de Carvalho ► Cláudio de Sousa ► Josué Montello José Mindlin Geraldo Holanda Cavalcanti
30 (Pardal Mallet): Pedro Rabelo Heráclito Graça ► Antônio Austregésilo ► Aurélio Buarque de Holanda Ferreira Nélida Piñon Heloísa Teixeira

Chairs
31 to 40

31 (Pedro Luís Pereira de Sousa): Luís Caetano Pereira Guimarães Júnior João Batista Ribeiro de Andrade Fernandes ► Paulo Setúbal Cassiano Ricardo José Cândido de Carvalho Geraldo França de Lima ► Moacyr Scliar Merval Pereira
32 (Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre): Carlos de Laet Ramiz Galvão ► Viriato Correia Joracy Camargo ► Genolino Amado ► Ariano Suassuna Zuenir Ventura
33 (Raul Pompeia): Domício da Gama Fernando Magalhães Luís Edmundo ► Afrânio Coutinho Evanildo Bechara
34 (Sousa Caldas): João Manuel Pereira da Silva ► José Maria da Silva Paranhos Jr. Lauro Müller Aquino Correia Magalhães Júnior ► Carlos Castelo Branco ► João Ubaldo Ribeiro Zuenir Ventura Evaldo Cabral de Mello
35 (Tavares Bastos): Rodrigo Otávio ► Rodrigo Otávio Filho ► José Honório Rodrigues ► Celso Cunha ► Cândido Mendes de Almeida ► Godofredo de Oliveira Neto
36 (Teófilo Dias): Afonso Celso Clementino Fraga ► Paulo Carneiro ► José Guilherme Merquior João de Scantimburgo ► Fernando Henrique Cardoso
37 (Tomás António Gonzaga): José Júlio da Silva Ramos ► José de Alcântara Machado ► Getúlio Vargas Assis Chateaubriand João Cabral de Melo Neto Ivan Junqueira Ferreira Gullar Arno Wehling
38 (Tobias Barreto): Graça Aranha Alberto Santos-Dumont Celso Vieira ► Maurício Campos de Medeiros José Américo de Almeida José Sarney
39 (Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen): Manuel de Oliveira Lima Alberto de Faria ► Rocha Pombo Rodolfo Garcia ► Elmano Cardim Otto Lara Resende Roberto Marinho Marco Maciel José Paulo Cavalcanti Filho
40 (José Maria da Silva Paranhos Sr.): Eduardo Prado ► Afonso Arinos Miguel Couto Alceu Amoroso Lima Evaristo de Moraes Filho Edmar Bacha

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